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Inverse Control of Rab Proteins by Yersinia ADP-ribosyltransferase and Glycosyltransferase Related to Clostridial Glucosylating Toxins
Abstract: We identified a glucosyltransferase (YGT) and an ADP-ribosyltransferase (YART) in Yersinia mollaretii, highly related to glucosylating toxins from Clostridium difficile, the cause of antibiotics-associated enterocolitis. Both Yersinia toxins consist of an amino-terminal enzyme domain, an autoprotease domain activated by inositol hexakisphosphate, and a carboxyl-terminal translocation domain. YGT N-acetylglucosaminylates Rab5 and Rab31 at Thr52 and Thr36, respectively, thereby inactivating the Rab proteins. YART ADP-ribosylates Rab5 and Rab31 at Gln79 and Gln64, respectively. This activates Rab proteins by inhibiting GTP hydrolysis. We determined the crystal structure of the glycosyltransferase domain of YGT (YGTG) in the presence and absence of UDP at 1.9- and 3.4-Å resolution, respectively. Thereby, we identified a previously unknown potassium ion-binding site, which explains potassium ion-dependent enhanced glycosyltransferase activity in clostridial and related toxins. Our findings exhibit a novel type of inverse regulation of Rab proteins by toxins and provide new insights into the structure-function relationship of glycosyltransferase toxins
Allgemeine Chemie
Kompakt und »verdammt clever« auf den Punkt gebracht - so gelingt mit diesem klar strukturierten Lehrbuch der optimale Einstieg in die Grundlagen der Chemie. Nicht nur für angehende Chemiker, Biochemiker und Chemieingenieure, sondern auch für alle Studierenden der Lebenswissenschaften, Medizin und Pharmazie ist die allgemeine Chemie Voraussetzung für das Verstehen von Sachverhalten benachbarter wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen. Mit dem Blick aufs Wesentliche gerichtet, sind alle prüfungsrelevanten Lerninhalte wie der Aufbau des Periodensystems, Bindungskonzepte, Säure-Base und Redoxreaktionen und vieles mehr äußerst verständlich erklärt und abgedeckt. Dabei unterstützen besondere Textelemente Ihren Lernerfolg: * Für inhaltliche Orientierung sorgen optisch hervorgehobene Schlüsselthemen am Kapitelanfang. * Das Wichtigste wird kurz und prägnant in Definitionen und Merksätzen zusammengefasst. * Beispiele helfen beim Anwenden des Lernstoffs. * Ideale Hilfe beim Nachschlagen von relevanten Stichworten und Begriffen bietet ein Glossar. * Wissenstest und Prüfungsvorbereitung: Aufgaben mit Lösungen helfen ungemein beim eigenständigen Überprüfen des Gelernten.
The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity
Containing over 700 articles, this Dictionary allows the reader to explore Eastern Christian civilization with its cultural and religious riches. The articles are written by a team of 50 international contributors, including leading historians, theologians, linguists, philosophers, patrologists, musicians, and scholars of liturgy and iconography.
Deconstructing the Myths of Islamic Art
Deconstructing the Myths of Islamic Art addresses how researchers can challenge stereotypical notions of Islam and Islamic art while avoiding the creation of new myths and the encouragement of nationalistic and ethnic attitudes. Despite its Orientalist origins, the field of Islamic art has continued to evolve and shape our understanding of the various civilizations of Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East. Situated in this field, this book addresses how universities, museums, and other educational institutions can continue to challenge stereotypical or homogeneous notions of Islam and Islamic art. It reviews subtle and overt mythologies through scholarly research, museum collections and exhibitions, classroom perspectives, and artists’ initiatives. This collaborative volume addresses a conspicuous and persistent gap in the literature, which can only be filled by recognizing and resolving persistent myths regarding Islamic art from diverse academic and professional perspectives. The book will be of interest to scholars working in art history, museum studies, visual culture, and Middle Eastern studies.
The Moral Virtues and Theological Ethics, Second Edition
Since it was first published in 1991, The Moral Virtues and Theological Ethics has received praise from a wide range of commentators, both Catholic and Protestant. This second edition includes discussion of works that have appeared since the early 1990s, especially the first papal document to address fundamental questions of moral theology, Veritatis Splendor. Those who already have adopted the book for classroom use will welcome this new edition, while those who have just been introduced to it will find an authoritative account of the status that virtue-centered theological ethics enjoys today. Following a new preface, the text of the six chapters from the original edition remains unchanged. However, Romanus Cessario has substantially updated his notes to account for recent literature on the subject, and a new chapter that accommodates his original study to current developments in moral theology. This second edition will inspire a new generation of students and teachers.
Gastrulation
During gastrulation, tissue layers are formed and the overall body plan is established. This book is the definitive guide to this vitally important period in embryonic development, providing authoritative and up to date information that includes the first comprehensive interspecies comparison, cell movements and patterning events, the roles of individual genes and gene families, and the evolution of gastrulation.
The Vanishing Newspaper [2nd Ed]
"In this edition, Meyer's analysis of the correlation between newspaper quality and profitability is updated and applied to recent developments in the newspaper industry. Meyer argues that understanding the relationship between quality and profit is central to sustaining journalistic excellence and preserving journalism's unique social functions." -- Provided by the publisher.
The American Bar
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Fenugreek
For many centuries, fenugreek has been one of the most popular spices and vegetables serving as an integral part of culinary practices across many cultures. Fenugreek contains exceptional nutritional and medicinal properties, but scientific evidence for its potential health benefits has been considerably understudied and is beginning to grow. This book is a comprehensive compilation and documentation on the scientific profile of fenugreek and its phytoconstituents, including their most known applications and health benefits. It features a wide range of chapters written by highly experienced academics and industrial professionals. Topics cover applications of fenugreek including information o...
