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The Actin Cytoskeleton and Bacterial Infection
This volume describes the mechanisms which bacteria have created to secure their survival, proliferation and dissemination by subverting the actin cytoskeleton of host cells. Bacteria have developed a veritable arsenal of toxins, effector proteins and virulence factors that allow them to modify the properties of the intracellular actin cytoskeleton for their own purposes. Bacterial factors either modify actin directly as the main component of this part of the cytoskeleton or functionally subvert regulatory or signalling proteins terminating at the actin cytoskeleton. In short, this volume provides an overview of the various tricks bacteria have evolved to “act on actin” in order to hijack this essential host cell component for their own needs. As such, it will be of interest to scientists from many fields, as well as clinicians whose work involves infectious diseases.
Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy/Zeitschrift für Kulturmanagement und Kulturpolitik
The Journal of Cultural Management and Cultural Policy offers international perspectives on a wide range of issues in cultural management and cultural policy research and practice. This issue focuses on responses to, and long-term changes in the arts and cultural policy fields related to the current climate, health, and economic crises. The contributions examine organizational and economic models that allow for continued cultural production and community engagement during times of disaster. How can we learn from instantaneous reactions to crises and from cases of disaster mismanagement, and translate these insights into viable practices? What governmental and institutional policies are needed, in the long run, to secure a diverse artistic and cultural landscape? How do research methods, education, and programming need to change to accommodate conditions of crises? Finally, the authors discuss what policies and practices for a resilient arts and cultural sector might look like.
New Approaches to Study Ciliopathies and Centrioles-Related Genetic Disorders
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
The Actin Cytoskeleton
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins and ubiquitously expressed in all eukaryotes. In recent years, the analysis of structure and function of such complexes has shed new light on actin's role in cellular and tissue morphogenesis, locomotion and various forms of intracellular motility, but also on its role in nuclear processes like chromatin architecture and transcription. Progress in understanding these different physiological phenomena, but also in unravelling the basis of actin-based pathophysiological processes has been made by combining video microscopy, molecular biology, genetics and biochemistry. Thus, the current research on actin, as ongoing in many international laboratories, is a "hot spot" in basic and translational research in life sciences. In this book on "The Actin Cytoskeleton", twelve internationally renowned authors present specific chapters that cover their recent work concerned with the various roles of actin mentioned above. This comprehensive volume is therefore an attractive handbook for teachers and students in many fields of medicine and pharmacology.
Architecture of Computing Systems – ARCS 2015
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2015, held in Porto, Portugal, in March 2015. The 19 papers presented together with three invited papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in six sessions covering the topics: hardware, design, applications, trust and privacy, real-time issues and a best papers session.
Architecture of Computing Systems -- ARCS 2014
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems, ARCS 2014, held in Lübeck, Germany, in February 2014. The 20 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 44 submissions. They are organized in topical sections named: parallelization: applications and methods; self-organization and trust; system design; system design and sensor systems; and virtualization: I/O, memory, cloud; dependability: safety, security, and reliability aspects.
Inhibition of Arp2/3 Complex After ADP-ribosylation of Arp2 by Binary Clostridioides Toxins
Abstract: Clostridioides bacteria are responsible for life threatening infections. Here, we show that in addition to actin, the binary toxins CDT, C2I, and Iota from Clostridioides difficile, botulinum, and perfrigens, respectively, ADP-ribosylate the actin-related protein Arp2 of Arp2/3 complex and its additional components ArpC1, ArpC2, and ArpC4/5. The Arp2/3 complex is composed of seven subunits and stimulates the formation of branched actin filament networks. This activity is inhibited after ADP-ribosylation of Arp2. Translocation of the ADP-ribosyltransferase component of CDT toxin into human colon carcinoma Caco2 cells led to ADP-ribosylation of cellular Arp2 and actin followed by a collapse of the lamellipodial extensions and F-actin network. Exposure of isolated mouse colon pieces to CDT toxin induced the dissolution of the enterocytes leading to luminal aggregation of cellular debris and the collapse of the mucosal organization. Thus, we identify the Arp2/3 complex as hitherto unknown target of clostridial ADP-ribosyltransferases
