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Geohistorical sources, among which are those of the catastral and paracatastral type, generally have greater heterogeneity and typological variety than in their current versions. Thus, research with geohistorical sources, approached from multiple disciplines (Geography, History, Art, Anthropology, Environmental Sciences, Urban Planning, Architecture, Demography...) represents a great boost for the analysis, knowledge and study of the territory, of landscapes and society from a spatiotemporal perspective. This publication with the title Geohistorical sources, new technologies, new challenges was born from the 1st lnternational Congress of Geohistorical Sources: territory and society in time w...
Written by highly renowned and experienced authors, this is the only reference on the application of solvents as reagents. Clearly structured, the text describes various methods for the activation and reaction of these small molecules, highlighting the synthetic opportunities as well as process-oriented advantages. To this end, all relevant types of solvents are covered separately and emphasized with numerous synthetic examples, while taking care to explain applications so as to avoid undesired side reactions. The result is a unique resource for every synthetic chemist and reaction engineer in industry and academia working on the methodical optimization of synthetic transformations.
This book follows the renovation of European economic history towards a more unified interpretation of sources of growth and stagnation. To better understand the diversity of patterns of growth, we need to look beyond the study of the industrialization of the core economies, and explore the centuries before it occurred. Portuguese agriculture was hardly ever at the European productivity and technological forefront and the distance from it varied substantially across the second Millennium. Yet if we look at the periods of the Christian Reconquista, the recovery from the Black Death, the response to the globalization of the Renaissance, to the eighteenth century economic enlightenment, or to nineteenth century industrialization, we may conclude that agriculture in this country of the European periphery was often adaptive and dynamic. The fact that economic backwardness was not overcome by the end of the period is no longer the most relevant aspect of that story. Contributors are: Luciano Amaral, Amélia Branco, Dulce Freire, António Henriques, Pedro Lains, Susana Münch Miranda, Margarida Sobral Neto, Jaime Reis, Ana Maria Rodrigues, José Vicente Serrão and Ester G. Silva.
The first reports on the application of microwaves in organicsynthesis date back to 1986, but it was not until the recentintroduction of specifically designed and constructed equipment,which countered the safety and reproducibility concerns, thatsynthetic application of microwaves has become established as alaboratory technique. Microwave assisted synthesis is now beingadopted in many industrial and academic laboratories to takeadvantage of the novel chemistry that can be carried out using avariety of organic reaction types. This book demonstrates the underlying principles of microwavedielectric heating and, by reference to a range of organic reactiontypes, it's effective use in synthetic organic chemistry. Toillustrate the impact microwave assisted organic synthesis can haveon chemical research, case studies drawn mainly from thepharmaceutical industry are presented.
This book presents an authoritative review of the most significant findings about all the epigenetic targets (writers, readers, and erasers) and their implication in physiology and pathology. The book also covers the design, synthesis and biological validation of epigenetic chemical modulators, which can be useful as novel chemotherapeutic agents. Particular attention is given to the chemical mechanisms of action of these molecules and to the drug discovery prose which allows their identification. This book will appeal to students who want to know the extensive progresses made by epigenetics (targets and modulators) in the last years from the beginning, and to specialized scientists who need an instrument to quickly search and check historical and/or updated notices about epigenetics.
Esta obra transita por la contemporaneidad para mostrarnos la transformación de las fuentes geohistóricas y catastrales a nivel nacional e internacional. Dicha documentación adquiere cada vez más importancia en el ámbito científico dado su potencial y versatilidad, pues afecta directamente a la configuración de los espacios, su comprensión y evolución histórica desde dinámicas sociales, económicas y geopolíticas. Los estudios aquí reunidos abarcan una gran variedad de usos con dichas fuentes geohistóricas, centrándose en aspectos como: la despoblación, el análisis medioambiental y las transformaciones en los usos del suelo, la evolución de la propiedad agraria, la defensa de los territorios, los cambios socioeconómicos de espacios complejos, la evolución de los espacios urbanos, la conformación, estructura y catalogación de los volúmenes documentales, las nuevas funciones turísticas y su impacto en los valores catastrales. Por ello, esta obra supone un punto de inflexión y abre una nueva ventana a la innovación y el conocimiento en el campo de las fuentes geohistóricas y sus aplicaciones a nivel nacional e internacional.
This book analyses the key global processes transforming rural spaces in the early 21st century – financialization; standardization; consumption, and commodification. Through detailed case studies, the book examines why these processes are important, how they work in practice, and the challenges they raise as well as opportunities created.
Incidence of pulmonary disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), such as Mycobacterium abscessus and M. avium, is increasing at an alarming rate, surpassing tuberculosis (TB) in many countries. Treatment durations are extremely long. With low sputum conversion rates, the outcomes are often disappointing. Thus, NTM disease resembles extremely drug resistant TB. There is an urgent need for increased research on this dreadful disease. For this book we brought together experts from a wide range of disciplines addressing current status, gaps and needs, and new developments in several NTM-relevant research areas. We start with the discussion of NTM disease presentations and clinical research. This is followed by contributions on epidemiology, antibiotic resistance mechanisms, drug discovery and development, bacteriology and targets, and new diagnostic tools. We would like to thank the 130 authors for sharing their work and insights. We hope that this collection of articles will stimulate discussions and research activities on the challenging lung disease caused by the diverse group of pathogens called NTM.
The influenza virus poses a threat to human health and is responsible for global epidemics every year. In addition to seasonal infections, influenza can cause occasional pandemics of great consequence when novel viruses are introduced into humans. Despite the implementation of comprehensive vaccination programs, influenza viruses continue to pose an important and unpredictable global public health threat. They are one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality each year and have a significant economic impact. In recent years, research has been conducted to find alternative approaches to influenza vaccine development, including the generation of universal vaccines. Notably, sig...
This book critically appraises the role and value of specific diagnostic and treatment techniques for drug-resistant, MRI-negative epilepsy. The authors present the evidence and share their expertise on the diagnostic options and surgical approaches that make epilepsy surgery possible and worthwhile in this complex and challenging condition.