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Short stature refers to a height less than two standard deviations below the mean for a given age and gender. The effective investigation of short stature pathology in children combines clinical assessment, to view symptoms and bodily dysfunctions; endocrine assessment, to determine hormone levels and sensitivity; and increasingly advanced genetic analysis. Many children of short stature do not have an identified underlying pathology, thus assigned as having idiopathic short stature (ISS). Consequently, the ISS population can be subdivided into those with ‘normal variants’ of growth, termed familial short stature (FSS) and non-familial short stature (NFSS), including constitutional delay of growth and puberty (CDGP). These categories can then separate from that of children with ISS who show a different etiology.
The book Eco-Restoration of the Polluted Environment: A Biological Perspective explores recent advances in biological strategies for the remediation of polluted environments, including soil, water, and air. It covers bioremediation of heavy metals, radioactive waste, and waste gases, which are believed to be bottleneck problems for researchers working in this field. The book contains separate chapters on genetic engineering technology for enhancement of the bioremediation potential of bioresources and the role of biosurfactants, enzymes, and exo-polysaccharides for bioremediation of polluted environments, along with basic aspects of eco-restoration by microorganisms. It summarizes the signif...
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
Topic Editor Jay Evans is the co-founder, President and CEO of Inimmune Corporation. The other Topic Editors declare no competing interests with regard to the Research Topic subject.
Much progress has been made in diabetes technology over the past decade. Continuous glucose monitoring has achieved high accuracy and reliability resulting in increased usage worldwide. Likewise, insulin pumps are becoming smarter and easier to use. More recently, sensor insulin pump therapy has been improved, with great benefits for patients in optimizing blood glucose control and preventing hypoglycemia. Further progress has been made with the introduction of advanced closed-loop control (CLC) systems that combine both technologies with the addition of an algorithm that allows hypo and hyperglycemia to be minimized through self-correcting boluses.
Many reproductive and developmental health problems are caused by exposure to chemicals that are widely dispersed in our environment. These problems include infertility, miscarriage, poor pregnancy outcomes, abnormal fetal development, early puberty, endometriosis, and diseases and cancers of reproductive organs. The compelling nature of the collective science has resulted in recognition of a new field of environmental reproductive health. Focusing on exposures to environmental contaminants, particularly during critical periods in development and their potential effects on all aspects of future reproductive life-course, this book provides the first comprehensive source of information bringing together the arguments that are spread out among various scientific disciplines in environmental health, clinical and public health fields. It provides a review of the science in key areas of the relationship between environmental contaminants and reproductive health outcomes, and recommendations on efforts toward prevention in clinical care and public policy.
This open access book presents the first detailed study of one of the most important masterpieces of Renaissance cartography, Martin Waldseemüller’s Carta marina of 1516. By transcribing, translating into English, and detailing the sources of all of the descriptive texts on the map, as well as the sources of many of the images, the book makes the map available to scholars in a wholly unprecedented way. In addition, the book provides revealing insights into how Waldseemüller went about making the map -- information that can’t be found in any other source. The Carta marina is the result of Waldseemüller’s radical re-evaluation of what a world map should be; he essentially started from scratch when he created it, rejecting the Ptolemaic model and other sources he had used in creating his 1507 map, and added more descriptive texts and a wealth of illustrations. Given its content, the book offers an essential reference work not only on this map, but also for anyone working in sixteenth-century European cartography.
This handbook covers anatomy and physiology before moving on to identification, investigation and management of specific endocrine disorders. As well as covering common and less common endocrine problems, there are also chapters on endocrine investigations and endocrine emergencies, designed for quick reference.
This book provides concise and cutting-edge studies on threats resulting from exposure to environmental chemicals that can affect human health and development, with a particular emphasis on the DOHaD concept. The book is divided into five main parts, the first of which includes an introduction to the impacts of developmental exposure to environmental chemicals and historical perspectives, while the second focuses on how environmental chemicals can affect human organs, including neurodevelopment, immune functions, etc. In turn, the third part addresses the characteristics of specific chemicals and their effects on human health and development, while the fourth part provides a basis for future...