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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed—from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations—and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.
Autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are a group of complex and disabling disorders characterized by the immune system mistakenly attacking the CNS. During the last 2 decades, we have witnessed a rapidly evolving spectrum of CNS autoimmune diseases, which has become a research hotspot in neurology. These include CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optical spectrum disorders, paraneoplastic, and other autoimmune encephalomyelitis and CNS involvement in systemic autoimmune diseases. Recently, although remarkable discoveries have accumulated more understanding of the autoimmune basis behind the physiopathologic mechanism, the e...
Clinical neurologic examination remains the cornerstone of modern neurology. However, it provides rather limited information when facing critically ill neurologic patients, especially those with altered mental status. The underlying mechanisms might include nonconvulsive seizures, cerebral hemodynamic failure, brain edema, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), intracranial hypertension, etc.. Most of them are invisible but detectable. Integration of various monitoring and evaluation methods have been applied in neurologic intensive care unit (NICU), to interpret electric, biochemical and physiological changes of the brain into objective data, which help physicians select patients suitable for specific interference, recognize the treatable disorders, assess the response to treatment and prevent secondary injuries. Because some progress has been made lately, it is important for clinicians in NICU to update the concepts and knowledge of multimodality monitoring and evaluation, as well as to explore what is still needed in modern NICU. In this Research Topic, we collect articles regarding monitoring methods/techniques and their application in common neurocritical diseases.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammatory damage to the central nervous system. The pathologic features are diffuse and focal inflammation, demyelination, gliosis, and neuronal damage in the optic nerves, brain, and spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis remains a challenging and disabling disease. There is a greater understanding of the underlying genetic and environmental factors driving the disorder, including low vitamin D levels, smoking, and obesity. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential and needs to be supported by diagnostic criteria, including imaging and spinal fluid abnormalities in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Other demyelinating diseases are neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease (MOGAD), and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).
Bridge design and construction technologies have experienced remarkable developments in recent decades, and numerous long-span bridges have been built or are under construction all over the world. Cable-supported bridges, including cable-stayed bridges and suspension bridges, are the main type of these long-span bridges, and are widely used in highways crossing gorges, rivers, and gulfs, due to their superior structural mechanical properties and beautiful appearance. However, cable-supported bridges suffer from harsh environmental effects and complex loading conditions, such as heavier traffic loads, strong winds, corrosion effects, and other natural disasters. Therefore, the lifetime safety...
Children of Marx and Coca-Cola affords a deep study of Chinese avant-garde art and independent cinema from the mid-1990s to the beginning of the twenty-first century. Informed by the author’s experience in Beijing and New York—global cities with extensive access to an emergent transnational Chinese visual culture—this work situates selected artworks and films in the context of Chinese nationalism and post-socialism and against the background of the capitalist globalization that has so radically affected contemporary China. It juxtaposes and compares artists and independent filmmakers from a number of intertwined perspectives, particularly in their shared avant-garde postures and percep...