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This volume offers selected contributions to the 8th International Congress of Ecology to illuminate large-scale ecological problems and discuss how these can be managed through a variety of planning processes. From mathematical approaches to improve understanding of complex ecosystems, to monitoring activity and human impact, this book covers a truly global range of issues. The book concludes with a summary of the Congress, and a discussion of possible future directions.
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Pine forests face a global threat of pine wilt disease, which is being spread by vector beetles carrying pathogenic nematodes from dead trees to healthy ones. Among the host pines there are varying degrees of susceptibility, and nematode strains also contain a variety of virulences, both of which factors help to determine whether infected host trees will die or survive. As well, biotic and abiotic environmental factors influence the fate of infected trees. This book describes the history of the disease, pathogenic nematodes, vector beetles, the etiology and ecology of the disease, microorganisms involved, and control methods that utilize host resistance and biological control agents. Concrete, comprehensive, and the most up-to-date knowledge about this worldwide forest epidemic is presented for readers, enabling them to understand the nature and epidemic threat of pine wilt disease.
A delinquent’s gotta do what he’s gotta do…in the afterlife. Yusuke Urameshi was a tough teen delinquent until one selfless act changed his life...by ending it. When he died saving a little kid from a speeding car, the afterlife didn't know what to do with him, so it gave him a second chance at life. Now, Yusuke is a ghost with a mission, performing good deeds at the behest of Botan, the ferrywoman of the River Styx, and Koenma, the pacifier-sucking judge of the dead. A few weeks ago, Yusuke Urameshi was the toughest 8th-grader in his junior high; now, he's taking the toughest test of his life, the test to see if he will come back to life or stay a wandering spirit forever! Until he passes the test, his body is in a coma, and he can only come back to life one day a month. But Yusuke and his spirit guide, Botan, are in for a lot more than they bargained for as evil curses, bullies, and the ghost of a scary little girl all stand in the way of resurrection! And when a real-world fire threatens the life of Yusuke's friend Keiko, Yusuke must make a brave sacrifice, or there'll be another ghost joining him in his haunting...