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Toward a Better Understanding of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Immune Infiltrates
Abstract: The immune system has an extremely potent antitumoral activity; indeed, it has become clear in recent years that this antitumoral activity can be effectively used to treat tumors. Accordingly, immunotherapies have dramatically changed oncologic therapy. The purpose of immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (CPIs) is the enrichment of tumor-specific CD8+ effector-/CD4+ helper T cells at the site of the tumor and the reinvigoration of exhausted T cells. Although some impressive clinical responses have been reported with CPI therapy, these immunotherapies are not equally effective in all patients and cancer entities
Transitioning the Molecular Tumor Board from Proof of Concept to Clinical Routine: a German Single-center Analysis
Abstract: Molecular precision oncology faces two major challenges: first, to identify relevant and actionable molecular variants in a rapidly changing field and second, to provide access to a broad patient population. Here, we report a four-year experience of the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB) of the Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (Germany) including workflows and process optimizations. This retrospective single-center study includes data on 488 patients enrolled in the MTB from February 2015 through December 2018. Recommendations include individual molecular diagnostics, molecular stratified therapies, assessment of treatment adherence and patient outcomes including overall survival. The...
Inefficient Induction of Circulating TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract: Background & Aims: In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), CD8+ T-cell responses targeting tumor-associated antigens (TAA) are considered to be beneficial. However, the molecular profile of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells in HCC is not well defined due to their low frequency. Results: In this study, we demonstrate that TAA-specific CD8+ T-cell responses are not efficiently induced in the peripheral blood of HCC patients as supported by the following observations: First, in HCC patients, frequencies of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells were not increased compared to healthy donors (HD) or patients with liver cirrhosis. Second, a remarkable proportion of TAA-specific CD8+ T cells were naïve despite th...
Conflict Mobilisation or Problem-Solving?
In the aftermath of disruptive electoral and political developments such as the Brexit referendum and the election of Donald Trump, six important European countries went to the polls between 2017 and 2018. This book presents the results of the Issue Competition Comparative Project (ICCP), which analysed these six elections through a focus on post-ideological issue competition, leveraging a fresh theoretical perspective –and innovative data collection and analysis methods– emerging from issue yield theory. The contributors to this volume cast a new light on electoral developments that have affected Western Europe in recent years, pointing to the key distinction between problem solvers (pa...
Incidence and Severity of Immune-related Hepatitis After Dual Checkpoint Therapy is Linked to Younger Age Independent of Herpes Virus Immunity
Abstract: Background and Aims Dual immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy can result in immune-related-adverse events (irAE) such as ICB-hepatitis. An expansion of effector-memory (TEM) CD4 T cells associated with antiviral immunity against herpesviridae was implicated in ICB-hepatitis. Notably, these memory subsets are frequently associated with age. Here, we sought to understand baseline patient, immune and viral biomarkers associated with the development of ICB-hepatitis to identify currently lacking baseline predictors and test if an expansion of TEM or positive serology against herpesviridae can predict ICB-hepatitis. Methods A discovery (n = 39) and validation cohort (n = 67) of pati...
Sozialer Zusammenhalt in der Krise
Krisen verschärfen gesellschaftliche Problemlagen bzw. lassen diese besonders deutlich hervortreten. Zugleich werfen krisenbedingte Einschnitte in bisher selbstverständliche Gewohnheiten grundlegende Fragen zum Zusammenleben in modernen Staaten und zur Funktionsweise gesellschaftlicher Institutionen auf. Vor dem Hintergrund der Corona-Pandemie leuchten die Beiträger*innen des Bandes das Thema der gesellschaftlichen Kohäsion in Krisenzeiten aus unterschiedlichen Fachrichtungen näher aus. Sie diskutieren nicht nur grundlegende sozialtheoretische Fragen und empirische Forschungsergebnisse zum Thema, sondern analysieren auch Handlungsansätze der Solidarisierung in Zeiten der Krise.
Österreichisches Jahrbuch für Politik 2023
Seit 47 Jahren versorgt das "Österreichische Jahrbuch für Politik" Meinungsbildner, Profis, Beobachter der politischen Szene, Journalisten und alle an der Politik Interessierten mit Informationen über das politische Geschehen in Österreich und der Welt. Im Zentrum des Jahrgangsbandes 2023 stehen die Themenfelder Landtagswahlen in NÖ, Kärnten und Salzburg, ordnungspolitische Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung der Inflation, programmatische Aufstellung der Parteien vor dem Wahljahr 2024 und Herausforderungen für die Demokratie.
