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Mapping the Origin and Fate of Myeloid Cells in Distinct Compartments of the Eye by Single-cell Profiling
Abstract: Similar to the brain, the eye is considered an immune-privileged organ where tissue-resident macrophages provide the major immune cell constituents. However, little is known about spatially restricted macrophage subsets within different eye compartments with regard to their origin, function, and fate during health and disease. Here, we combined single-cell analysis, fate mapping, parabiosis, and computational modeling to comprehensively examine myeloid subsets in distinct parts of the eye during homeostasis. This approach allowed us to identify myeloid subsets displaying diverse transcriptional states. During choroidal neovascularization, a typical hallmark of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), we recognized disease-specific macrophage subpopulations with distinct molecular signatures. Our results highlight the heterogeneity of myeloid subsets and their dynamics in the eye that provide new insights into the innate immune system in this organ which may offer new therapeutic targets for ophthalmological diseases
Secreted Phosphoprotein 1 Expression in Retinal Mononuclear Phagocytes Links Murine to Human Choroidal Neovascularization
Abstract: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the most common cause of blindness in the elderly in the Western world. An impairment of the outer blood-retina barrier and a localized inflammatory microenvironment cause sprouting of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNV) in neovascular AMD that are in intimate contact with surrounding myeloid cells, such as retinal microglia, and ultimately lead to visual impairment. The discovery of novel target molecules to interfere with angiogenesis and inflammation is vital for future treatment approaches in AMD patients. To explore the transcriptional profile and the function of retinal microglia at sites of CNV, we performed a comprehensive...
Programming HPA-axis by early life experience: Mechanisms of stress susceptibility and adaptation
Experiences during early life program the central nervous- and endocrine-systems with consequences for susceptibility to physical and mental disorders. These programming effects depend on genetic and epigenetic factors, and their outcome leads to an adaptive or maladaptive phenotype to a given later environmental context. This Research Topic focused on the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and stress-related phenotypes, and on how HPA-axis programming by the environment precisely occurs. We included original research, mini-review and review papers on a broad range of topics related to HPA-axis programming.
Tumor Microenvironment
Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the chemokines patterns of expression, their regulation, and their roles in immune cell recruitment, as well as how they affect cancer immunity and tumorigenesis. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Chemokines - Part Bupdates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as apprises us on future directions in the field. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as scientists seeking an update on recent developments and research in the tumor microenvironment.
Evidence-Based Orthopedics
Evidence-Based Orthopedics is an up-to-date review of the best evidence for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of orthopedic conditions. Covering orthopedic surgery as well as pre- and post-operative complications, this comprehensive guide provides recommendations for implementing evidence-based practice in the clinical setting. Chapters written by leading clinicians and researchers in the field are supported by tables of evidence that summarize systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials. In areas where evidence is insufficient to recommend a practice, summaries of the available research are provided to assist in decision-making. This fully revised new edition reflects the mos...
Transcranial Sonography in Movement Disorders
Transcranial Sonography in Movement Disorders
Demographic Methods Across the Tree of Life
Demography is everywhere in our lives: from birth to death. Indeed, the universal currencies of survival, development, reproduction, and recruitment shape the performance of all species, from microbes to humans. The number of techniques for demographic data acquisition and analyses across the entire tree of life (microbes, fungi, plants, and animals) has drastically increased in recent decades. These developments have been partially facilitated by the advent of technologies such as GIS and drones, as well as analytical methods including Bayesian statistics and high-throughput molecular analyses. However, despite the universality of demography and the significant research potential that could...
Encyclopedia of AIDS
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