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Frailty Index and Its Association with the Onset of Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults Undergoing Elective Surgery
Abstract: Background The association of frailty based on the accumulation of deficits with postoperative delirium (POD) has been poorly examined. We aimed to analyze this association in older patients undergoing elective surgery. Methods Preoperative data was used to build a 30-item frailty index (FI) for participants of the PAWEL-study. Delirium was defined by a combination of I-CAM and chart review. Using logistic regressions models we analysed the association between frailty and POD adjusting for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, education and type of surgery. Results Among 701 participants (mean age 77.1, 52.4% male) median FI was 0.27 (Q1 0.20| Q3 0.34), with 528 (75.3%) frail par...
Evidence Gap on Antihyperglycemic Pharmacotherapy in Frail Older Adults
Abstract: Background Although antihyperglycemic pharmacotherapy in frail older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is challenging, recommendations from international guidelines are mainly based on indirect evidence from trials not including frail participants. Objective This systematic review investigated the effectiveness and safety of pharmacotherapy in frail older adults with T2DM. Material and methods Randomized (RCT) and non-randomized prospective clinical trials (non-RCT) were searched in three electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Central) up to October 2018. Trials in older adults with T2DM who were assessed as significantly or severely impaired by defined cut-off scores of ...
Geriatrie
Bei der Entwicklung dieses Lehrbuchs haben alle Beteiligten gemeinsam das Ziel verfolgt, das neue Standardwerk der deutschsprachigen Geriatrie zu präsentieren. Es beleuchtet die ganze Palette der Erkrankungen im höheren Lebensalter und der geriatrischen Syndrome, darunter Ernährungs- und Stoffwechselstörungen, Mobilitätsstörungen, Infektionskrankheiten, Tumorerkrankungen, Herz-Kreislauf- und Gefäßerkrankungen, neurologische Erkrankungen, die verschiedenen Formen des kognitiven Abbaus sowie Sarkopenie und Frailty. Zu weiteren wesentlichen Themen gehören das funktionelle Assessment, die Polypharmazie sowie die Palliativmedizin des älteren Patienten. Das Buch vermittelt ein Verständn...
Simone Strasser
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Sedentary Behaviour Epidemiology
This book addresses the origins, determinants and magnitude of the global problem of sedentary behaviour, along with concise yet in-depth solutions for tackling it. As a consequence of major technological advances in modern society, many people find themselves in environments characterized by prolonged sedentary behaviour. Although inadequate exercise has long been known to cause adverse health consequences, sedentary behaviour has recently emerged as a risk factor for the development of numerous chronic diseases and health conditions. Building on the contributions of leading experts in the field, this book presents current knowledge about sedentary behaviour, its medical and public health s...
Clinical Trials with Missing Data
This book provides practical guidance for statisticians, clinicians, and researchers involved in clinical trials in the biopharmaceutical industry, medical and public health organisations. Academics and students needing an introduction to handling missing data will also find this book invaluable. The authors describe how missing data can affect the outcome and credibility of a clinical trial, show by examples how a clinical team can work to prevent missing data, and present the reader with approaches to address missing data effectively. The book is illustrated throughout with realistic case studies and worked examples, and presents clear and concise guidelines to enable good planning for missing data. The authors show how to handle missing data in a way that is transparent and easy to understand for clinicians, regulators and patients. New developments are presented to improve the choice and implementation of primary and sensitivity analyses for missing data. Many SAS code examples are included – the reader is given a toolbox for implementing analyses under a variety of assumptions.
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Intellectual and Developmental Disorders
According to the CDC “about one in six, or about 15%, of children aged 3 through 17 years have one or more developmental disabilities,” such as ADHD, autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, and learning disability. Intellectual disorders are characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills, impacting learning, reasoning, problem solving, and other cognitive processes. These disabilities originate before the age of 18 and continue across the life span. Developmental disorders are chronic disabilities that can be cognitive or physical or both. The disabiliti...
