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In recent years, the field of Toxinology has expanded substantially. On the one hand it studies venomous animals, plants and micro organisms in detail to understand their mode of action on targets. While on the other, it explores the biochemical composition, genomics and proteomics of toxins and venoms to understand their three interaction with life forms (especially humans), development of antidotes and exploring their pharmacological potential. Therefore, Toxinology has deep linkages with biochemistry, molecular biology, anatomy and pharmacology. In addition, there is a fast developing applied subfield, clinical toxinology, which deals with understanding and managing medical effects of tox...
APRESENTAÇÃO A obra "Comunicação, história & economia: contemporaneidades" promove reflexões interdisciplinares que percorrem os caminhos das Ciências Sociais Aplicadas e Humanidades. Problematizam-se múltiplas questões da sociedade contemporânea por meio de pesquisas originais e abrangentes com relevantes discussões teóricas. Pedro Antônio Ursine Krettli, no primeiro capítulo do livro, analisa os recursos e discursos econômicos problematizando o caráter científico das narrativas elaboradas sobre o conceito de modernidade utilizado nas Ciências Sociais. No segundo capítulo, Isaura Mourão e Jaqueline Morelo investigam a construção de parcerias através do diálogo social...
Econometric models are made up of assumptions which never exactly match reality. Among the most contested ones is the requirement that the coefficients of an econometric model remain stable over time. Recent years have therefore seen numerous attempts to test for it or to model possible structural change when it can no longer be ignored. This collection of papers from Empirical Economics mirrors part of this development. The point of departure of most studies in this volume is the standard linear regression model Yt = x;fJt + U (t = I, ... , 1), t where notation is obvious and where the index t emphasises the fact that structural change is mostly discussed and encountered in a time series context. It is much less of a problem for cross section data, although many tests apply there as well. The null hypothesis of most tests for structural change is that fJt = fJo for all t, i.e. that the same regression applies to all time periods in the sample and that the disturbances u are well behaved. The well known Chow test for instance assumes t that there is a single structural shift at a known point in time, i.e. that fJt = fJo (t
This book offers a state of the art overview of current linguistic and archaeological research from the Caribbean and Meso America, through Amazonia and the Andes to Argentina, ranging from historical comparative through descriptive and socio-linguistics to new discoveries in archaeological research.
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The studies gathered together in this book were originally presented at two conferences sponsored by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), which were held at the VU University Amsterdam, in late August 2004. The first part Language Endangerment and Endangered Languages deals with issues related to language endangerment and the problems linguists and other researchers encounter when documenting these languages, both in general terms and with an eye on the Andean/Amazonian situation. The second part, Specific Studies: Languages and Cultures of the Andean-Amazonian Border Area, contains three sections. The first deals with topics that relate to the Maku peoples and languages of Brazil (Eastern Maku) and Colombia ( Western Maku ). The second section features papers that address anthropological and grammatical issues concerning the Nambikwara peoples and languages (Brazil). The third section discusses various other languages in the Andean/Amazonian border area.
Patterns of relative clause formation tend to vary according to the typological properties of a language. Highly polysynthetic languages tend to have fully nominalized relative clauses and no relative pronouns, while other typologically diverse languages tend to have relative clauses which are similar to main or independent clauses. Languages of the Americas, with their rich genetic diversity, have all been under the influence of European languages, whether Spanish, English or Portuguese, a situation that may be expected to have influenced their grammatical patterns. The present volume focuses on two tasks: The first deals with the discussion of functional principles related to relative clause formation: diachrony and paths of grammaticalization, simplicity vs. complexity, and formalization of rules to capture semantic-syntactic correlations. The second provides a typological overview of relative clauses in nine different languages going from north to south in the Americas.
Egalement, elle propose que la formation des constructions causatives dépend de la contrainte sémantique sur l'objet du verbe enchâssé.
Nesta obra reúne-se um conjunto de trabalhos que, diversos entre si, se agregam sob um mesmo tema e domínio de análise: a linguística histórica e os processos de mudança e de estandardização. No volume conjugam-se dois tipos de contributo, dando conta de linhas de pesquisa e de projetos de investigação desenvolvidos em diferentes partes do mundo. Alguns textos assentam essencialmente em trabalho reflexivo, orientando-se para as questões teóricas e metodológicas que, na atualidade, se equacionam no âmbito dos estudos linguísticos e, particularmente, no âmbito da linguística histórica. Outros trabalhos têm como objetivo o estudo da mudança de estruturas e de usos linguíst...