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Pregnancy is central to mammals’ life, growth and development. A successful pregnancy is a fundamental step in a healthy life. A healthy pregnancy is not the only prerequisite for species survival and existence but also crucial for the growth and development of livestock and agriculture sectors, as in dairy and beef animals. Studies on developmental biology and developmental endocrinology have a long history of tackling the issue related to pregnancy failure and fertility. The continuous invention and new technologies have contributed to developmental biology and endocrinology research.
The highlight of this eBook is to bring new insights into parasites in the tropic. To achieve that, much has been discussed about risk assessment, infection rates, disease burden, hormones and mechanism of immune response, genetic expression and susceptibility as well as, therapeutic modalities. Authors raised hypothesis, discuss concepts, and show open questions. The remaining important issues to resolve questions within parasites in the tropic – a new paradigm shift are briefly discussed below. T. gondii, feline as the definitive host, is regarded as one of the most important parasites in the tropic. Human, as an accidental host, is the only species who still drinks raw milk or milk prod...
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite that can infect all warm-blooded animals, including an estimated ~30% of humans. It can cause severe disease in immune-suppressed individuals and in fetuses as well as blinding chorioretinitis in adults and children. Toxoplasma-innate immune system interactions determine early parasite control and activation of the adaptive immune system by the host and are therefore critical in determining host survival during the acute phase of infection. However, induction of an exaggerated inflammatory response can also lead to pathology. Only the chronic tissue cyst form of Toxoplasma is orally infectious. It is therefore critical for the parasiteâ...
This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact.
The aim of this collection of articles is to assemble advances in stem cell-based approaches and their application to the study of parasitic diseases. Tropical parasites, including unicellular protozoan organisms and helminths, represent a major public health burden, particularly in tropical regions of the world. The study of these organisms is significantly hampered by the lack of effective in vitro/ ex vivo culture systems that mimic natural conditions and facilitate a thorough understanding of parasite development and host-parasite interactions. The advent of stem cell technology offers the opportunity to derive the right cell types to culture these parasites. Moreover, stem cell-derived organoids accurately reproduce the particular niche in which the parasites grow, develop, interact with host tissues and reproduce. In addition, particularly for helminths (i.e., multicellular parasites), the identification and characterisation of the parasite’s stem cell system, will be critical to complement our current and future understanding of fundamental biological processes, such as worm maturation, and interaction with the host immune system and microbiota.
Amebiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by the unicellular protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is the cause of at least 100,000 deaths each year. The disease is mostly prevalent in developing countries and is one of the three common causes of death from parasitic diseases. The parasite has two stages in its life cycle in the host: the infective cyst and the invasive trophozoite. In the large intestine, the parasite feeds on bacteria and on cellular debris. No vaccine against amebiasis currently exists. Although metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebiasis, adverse effects in patients and potential resistance to metronidazole in other protozoa exist. About nine out of 1...
This book highlights some of the most important biochemical, physiological and molecular aspects of plant stress, together with the latest updates. It is divided into 14 chapters, written by eminent experts from around the globe and highlighting the effects of plant stress (biotic and abiotic) on the photosynthetic apparatus, metabolites, programmed cell death, germination etc. In turn, the role of beneficial elements, glutathione-S-transferase, phosphite and nitric oxide in the adaptive response of plants under stress and as a stimulator of better plant performance is also discussed. A dedicated chapter addresses research advances in connection with Capsicum, a commercially important plant,...