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Mikroorganisme dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan nilai jual suatu produk hasil pertanian sehingga mampu meningkatkan perekonomian negara. Pemanfaatan mikroorganisme harus dilakukan melalui pengenalan terhadap mikroorganisme yang akan digunakan, substrat yang dipakai dan fermentor atau tempat berlangsungnya proses fermentasi. Tipe atau model fermentasi haruslah dipahami agar proses dapat berlangsung dengan baik, apakah fermentasi substrat padat atau fermentasi substrat cair. Pemanfaatan mikroorganisme dapat untuk kepentingan non pangan misalnya dalam produksi bioetanol sehingga dapat dihasilkan energi terbarukan. Bioetanol juga dapat dikembangkan melalui protein sel tunggal dan untuk mendukung itu semua maka produksi inokulum haruslah dipahami dengan baik. Mikroorganisme juga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pangan. Selain sebagai produk pangan hasil fermentasi, produksi probiotik juga menjadi tren saat ini. Produksi pigmen juga terus dikembangkan untuk menggantikan pewarna sintetis yang sering kali bersifat karsinogen.
Keberadaan mikroorganisme di alam sangatlah penting. Rasanya tanpa mikroorganisme, kehidupan tidak akan berlangsung dengan indahnya. Dalam pertumbuhannya, mikroorganisme membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan dan media yang sesuai. Kondisi lingkungan, adalah kondisi alam sekitar, sehingga keragaman mikroorganisme dari suatu daerah akan berbeda dengan daerah lain. Pengetahuan tentang kebutuhan substrat akan menentukan keberhasilan kita dalam memanfaatkan mikroorganisme. Berbagai mikroorganisme yang ada di alam, mulai dari virus, bakteri, jamur dan protista telah banyak diteliti dan digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Banyak mikroorganisme yang dimanfaatkan dalam bidang pangan dan industri seperti ...
This introductory textbook describes modern cosmology at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates who are familiar with mathematical methods and basic theoretical physics. An introductory survey of the large scale structure of the universe is followed by an outline of general relativity. This is then used to construct the standard models of the universe. The very early and early stages of the Big Bang are described, and this includes primordial nucleosynthesis, grand unified theories, primordial black holes, and the era of quantum cosmology. The problem of the formation of structure in the universe is then addressed. This textbook concludes with brief outlines of alternative cosmologies. It includes 400 problems for students to solve, and is accompanied by numerous worked examples.
This book presents the earliest South Indian inscriptions (ca. second century B.C.E. to sixth century A.D.), written in Tamil in local derivations of the Ashokan Brahmi script. The work includes texts, transliteration, translation, detailed commentary, inscriptional glossary, and indexes.
This book provides a clear, concise, complete and authoritative introduction to System Architecture Evolution (SAE) standardization work and its main outcome: the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), including potential services and operational scenarios. After providing an insightful overview of SAE's historical development, the book gives detailed explanations of the EPC architecture and key concepts as an introduction. In-depth technical descriptions of EPC follow, including thorough functional accounts of the different components of EPC, protocols, network entities and procedures. Case studies of deployment scenarios show how the functions described within EPC are placed within a live network cont...
This book is intended as a commented summary of some of the major trends and most important features that can be encountered when analysing ancient Egyptian society of the Old Kingdom. We have to bear in mind that around 3000 BCE one of the first centralised states in our recorded history rose, and the Old Kingdom represents certainly one of its apogees. Moreover, there is hardly any comparable society that left behind such a wealth of archaeological and literary evidence, a welcome companion for our journey back in time. The goal for writing this book was to outline general trends in the history of the non-royal tomb development of the period. The reason is rather simple and straightforward...
Many elementary classroom teachers who are not physical education specialists are nonetheless responsible for providing physical education to their students. This guide provides the classroom teacher with a concise overview of the essential content and pedagogical knowledge necessary to design, implement, and assess physical education programs. Based on current standards established by the National Association of Sport and Physical Education (NASPE), this text is designed to inform classroom teachers about the many opportunities to integrate physical education, which is the deliberate attempt to teach students conceptual knowledge that goes beyond instruction in motor skills, games, sports, ...
Written by an international panel of professional and academic peers, the book provides the engineer and technologist working in research, development and operations in the food industry with critical and readily accessible information on the art and science of infrared spectroscopy technology. The book should also serve as an essential reference source to undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in universities and research institutions.Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy deals with the infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It measure the absorption of different IR frequencies by a sample positioned in the path of an IR beam. Currently, infrared spectroscopy is one of the mos...