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Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases
This book, which is the second volume of Role of Microorganisms in Pathogenesis and Management of Autoimmune Diseases, provides comprehensive coverage on how microbial pathogens can subvert our immune system into responding against self and resulting in autoimmune diseases. In particular, the book covers the different aspects of linking gut microbiota dysbiosis with autoimmune mechanisms involved in disease development to identify future effective approaches based on the gut microbiota for preventing these autoimmune diseases.Contributions in the book focus on the role of microbiota/probiotics and their distinct mechanisms exerted in the management of autoimmune diseases of the kidney, central nervous system, eye, blood vessel, and bowel. This could help in better understanding to design of therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to prevent these autoimmune diseases.The book has an interdisciplinary appeal and scholars with an interest in immunology, medical microbiology, and nutritional sciences will value its contribution. Overall, the book gives new dimension and insight into the aspects of microbial role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis.
Jasmin und Jade
Das Buch erzählt die Geschichte einer jungen Frau, die als sechzehnjährige im zweiten Weltkrieg von Wien in die kleine norddeutsche Stadt Empelde geflüchtet ist. In ihrer Notlage heiratet sie den Kleinbauern Hans und schon bald kommt die erste Tochter zur Welt. Das Leben auf dem kleinen heruntergewirtschafteten Hof hält wenig Freuden aber dafür umso mehr Entbehrungen für Maria und ihre Tochter Christa bereit. Um etwas dazuzuverdienen, beginnt Maria auf dem Hof der Gutsherren Familie Hümer auszuhelfen. Der jüngere Sohn der Hümers findet rasch gefallen an der jungen Frau, was nicht ohne Folgen für Maria bleibt. Die Geschichte beginnt mit der Geburt Marias zweiter Tochter Regina. Die Welt befindet sich gerade mitten im Zweiten Weltkrieg und Bomben werden auf die großen deutschen Städte abgeworfen, als Regina Mona beschließt, just in so einer »Bombennacht« im Juli 1941 auf die Welt zu kommen. Maria schleppt sich in dieser unseligen Nacht mit letzter Kraft zur Hebamme der kleinen Ortschaft Empelde bei Hannover. Nur Maria kennt das dunkle Geheimnis um den Vater ihres ungeborenen Kindes und wird alles tun, um dieses Geheimnis für alle Zeiten zu bewahren.
ARP3 Controls the Podocyte Architecture at the Kidney Filtration Barrier
Abstract: Podocytes, highly specialized epithelial cells, build the outer part of the kidney filtration barrier and withstand high mechanical forces through a complex network of cellular protrusions. Here, we show that Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization controls actomyosin contractility and focal adhesion maturation of podocyte protrusions and thereby regulates formation, maintenance, and capacity to adapt to mechanical requirements of the filtration barrier. We find that N-WASP-Arp2/3 define the development of complex arborized podocyte protrusions in vitro and in vivo. Loss of dendritic actin networks results in a pronounced activation of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and the generation of over-maturated but less efficient adhesion, leading to detachment of podocytes. Our data provide a model to explain podocyte protrusion morphology and their mechanical stability based on a tripartite relationship between actin polymerization, contractility, and adhesion
EPB41L5 Controls Podocyte Extracellular Matrix Assembly by Adhesome-dependent Force Transmission
Abstract: The integrity of the kidney filtration barrier essentially relies on the balanced interplay of podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Here, we show by analysis of in vitro and in vivo models that a loss of the podocyte-specific FERM-domain protein EPB41L5 results in impaired extracellular matrix (ECM) assembly. By using quantitative proteomics analysis of the secretome and matrisome, we demonstrate a shift in ECM composition characterized by diminished deposition of core GBM components, such as LAMA5. Integrin adhesome proteomics reveals that EPB41L5 recruits PDLIM5 and ACTN4 to integrin adhesion complexes (IACs). Consecutively, EPB41L5 knockout podocytes show insufficient maturation of integrin adhesion sites, which translates into impaired force transmission and ECM assembly. These observations build the framework for a model in which EPB41L5 functions as a cell-type-specific regulator of the podocyte adhesome and controls a localized adaptive module in order to prevent podocyte detachment and thereby ensures GBM integrity
A YAP/TAZ-ARHGAP29-RhoA Signaling Axis Regulates Podocyte Protrusions and Integrin Adhesions
Abstract: Glomerular disease due to podocyte malfunction is a major factor in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease. Identification of podocyte-specific signaling pathways is therefore a prerequisite to characterizing relevant disease pathways and developing novel treatment approaches. Here, we employed loss of function studies for EPB41L5 (Yurt) as a central podocyte gene to generate a cell type-specific disease model. Loss of Yurt in fly nephrocytes caused protein uptake and slit diaphragm defects. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of human EPB41L5 knockout podocytes demonstrated impaired mechanotransduction via the YAP/TAZ signaling pathway. Further analysis of specific inhibitio...
Political Communication in European Parliamentary Elections
Written by a leading team of internationally distinguished political communication scholars, this book offers the most comprehensive account on comparative political communication research in the context of European Parliamentary elections to date. Divided into four sections, experts begin by tracing the historical and political background of European Parliamentary elections, paying close attention to trends in turnout and the changing institutional role of the European Parliament (EP). Focusing mainly on the 2009 elections and using original data throughout, the next two sections are devoted to campaign communication strategies and the overall media coverage of EP elections in both establis...
The Floating Strip Micromegas Detector
This book discusses a novel and high-rate-capable micro pattern gaseous detector of the Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAS detector) type. It provides a detailed characterization of the performance of Micromegas detectors on the basis of measurements and simulations, along with an in-depth examination of analysis and reconstruction methods. The accurate and efficient detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-rate background environments is demonstrated. The excellent performance determined here for these lightweight detectors will make possible the live medical imaging of a patient during ion-beam treatment.
Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain
2014 BMA Medical Book Awards Highly Commended in Anaesthesia category! Apply the latest scientific and clinical advances with Wall & Melzack's Textbook of Pain, 6th Edition. Drs. Stephen McMahon, Martin Koltzenburg, Irene Tracey, and Dennis C. Turk, along with more than 125 other leading authorities, present all of the latest knowledge about the genetics, neurophysiology, psychology, and assessment of every type of pain syndrome. They also provide practical guidance on the full range of today's pharmacologic, interventional, electrostimulative, physiotherapeutic, and psychological management options. Benefit from the international, multidisciplinary knowledge and experience of a "who's who" ...
