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The Spanish Fiscal Transition
This book provides an analysis of the process and outcomes of the tax reform, with a focus on progressivity, redistribution, and inequality. Between 1977 and 1986, Spain underwent a comprehensive tax reform which shaped its fiscal system until today. It was made in connection with the transition to democracy and indeed was understood as a fundamental part of the political change. The book situates the reform both within Spanish history and international trends in tax systems and connects it to the expansion of the welfare state and regional decentralization in Spain. The analysis reveals that the tax system failed to attain progressivity, and significant levels of fraud had a noticeable impact on inequality. Because of this, fiscal redistribution remained limited. In the new political economy of the second globalization, late democratic and fiscal transitioners were unable to emulate the path of the welfare state forerunners.
An Economic History of the Spanish Welfare State
This monograph analyses the evolution of the welfare state in Spain from qualitative and quantitative perspectives. It basically relies on estimates of public social spending from 1850 to the present and offers comparisons with the rest of Europe. As a whole, the volume sheds light on the historical, political, and economic conditions at play during the relatively late development of the Spanish welfare state. Three key driving factors are explored: the political regime, social inequality, and Spain’s exposure to international markets. While economic backwardness and demographic factors explain part of the story, Espuelas demonstrates that inequality explains much of the pre-1936 gap; the lack of democracy and the Franco dictatorship were crucial up to the 1970s, and globalization, rather than having a clear positive or negative effect, has mainly influenced the way social policy is financed. This volume will be of interest to advanced students and researchers of economic history, welfare states, European history, and social policy.
State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain: Volume 3
Neoliberalism is often studied as a political ideology, a government program, and even as a pattern of cultural identities. However, less attention is paid to the specific institutional resources employed by neoliberal administrations, which have resulted in the configuration of a neoliberal state model. This accessible volume compiles original essays on the neoliberal era in Latin America and Spain, exploring subjects such as neoliberal public policies, power strategies, institutional resources, popular support, and social protest. The book focuses on neoliberalism as a state model: a configuration of public power designed to implement radical policy proposals. This is the third volume in the State and Nation Making in Latin America and Spain series, which aims to complete and advance research and knowledge about national states in Latin America and Spain.
Why the World Needs China
While the US portrays itself as a noble example of freedom and democracy, it has in fact led the world to greater inequality than ever before. But now, for the first time in decades, nations facing the brunt of its domination and exploitation have alternative, more tenable options in pursuit of development. Chinese finance is building badly-needed infrastructure where the West would not, Chinese commerce is providing a lifeline to countries the US has targeted for destruction, and Chinese industry is producing new sources of renewable and transition energy at an unparalleled rate. This book addresses: China’s development and political economy based on independent studies, statistical data, and comparative analysis Current geopolitical conflicts and major developments and their relation to China Chinese finance and its effect on the rest of the world, particularly Africa. China’s profound emphasis on environmentalism, renewable energy, and plan for the future. Though it has yet to fully step into this role, the People’s Republic of China has become the de facto leader of a future multipolar world.
Natural Resources and Divergence
Is the 'natural resource curse' destiny? Are different ways to link natural resources and economic development? Using two particular regions as case studies, this edited collection examines the divergent development paths of natural resource rich countries over the past two centuries. Bolivia, Chile and Peru are neighbour states with a common history and are globally known by their mining endowments. Norway and Sweden have also a strong common history, and different natural resource endowments (forestry, mining and fishing) are essential to understand their current economic success. By comparing natural resource management in the long run in these two divergent regions, this book can help rethink how developing countries can better take advantage of their natural resource endowments. Specifically, the book examines the interaction between natural resources and different key determinants of long-term development: trade, fiscal policy, sustainability, human capital accumulation and business strategies.
Nuevas perspectivas en la investigación docente de la historia económica
Esta publicación incluye más de cuarenta trabajos elaborados por casi ochenta historiadores en los cuales se recogen algunas de las principales iniciativas y preocupaciones en el campo de la enseñanza de la historia económica. Preguntas relacionadas con la selección de nuevos contenidos o el impacto de la utilización de nuevas estrategias metodológicas y de las nuevas tecnologías son abordadas en estas investigaciones. Otros trabajos se plantean como objetivo reflexionar sobre cómo se puede impulsar el desarrollo de la investigación en innovación educativa al tiempo que sus resultados pueden ser contrastados de forma empírica.
Mehr Reichtum, mehr Armut
Soziale Ungleichheit nimmt heute wieder zu. Im 20. Jahrhundert gab es aber auch Phasen, etwa die Zeit nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg oder während des außergewöhnlichen "Wirtschaftswunders" der 1950er- bis 1970er-Jahre, in denen es zu einer Abmilderung sozialer Schärfen kam. Doch zur Dynamik und Geschichte der sozialen Ungleichheit haben sich Historiker bisher selten geäußert. Hartmut Kaelbles neues Buch wirft diesen längst überfälligen "Blick zurück". Es beschreibt die Entwicklungen der sozialen Ungleichheit dabei umfassend: Kaelble blickt auf die gesamte Zeitspanne von 1900 bis heute, auf Deutschland und Europa und auf die Verteilung der Vermögen und Einkommen. Er bezieht aber auch - anders als Wirtschaftswissenschaftler - Bildung, Wohnen, Gesundheit und individuelle Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten in seine Analyse ein. Zudem nimmt er die Wahrnehmung sozialer Ungleichheit und den Einfluss der Politik auf sie ins Visier. So wird deutlich: Die Zunahme sozialer Ungleichheit ist vermeidbar.
The Political Economy of Public Finance
A study of major trends in public finance and fiscal justice in developed capitalist countries since the 1970s.
Worlds of Taxation
This book provides a historical understanding of current debates over tax reform and offers a comparative framework for discussing the relationship between fiscal policy and the distribution of income and wealth. Topics covered include the evolution of income taxation since World War II; the turn toward value added taxation; the relationship between tax reform and the construction of welfare states; the impact of globalization on tax and fiscal policy; the social forces shaping tax consent; and the political economy of tax and fiscal reform. These topics are covered in case studies that focus on significant episodes in the fiscal history of Denmark, Sweden, France, Greece, the United Kingdom, Spain, Switzerland, the United States, and Japan.
A Moral History of Monetary and Fiscal Policies
Did you know that the first paid holiday was introduced by Germany in 1903? Or that Frank L. Baum wrote “The Wizard of Oz” inspired by the march of Ohioan unemployed upon Washington D.C.? Or that, until 1974, married American women could not own a credit card without their husbands’ approval? All these things and many more you can find in the book “A Moral History of Monetary and Fiscal Policies”, written by the National Bank of Romania’s Chief Economist Valentin Lazea. The volume targets specialists in history, economics or sociology, but also lay people. The three parts of the volume finish with three provocative questions: Did the Gold Standard era represent a period of fierce exploitation of the working–class? Did the rise of Nazism represent an inevitable consequence of orthodox macroeconomic policies? Was Nicolae Ceausescu wrong in repaying all Romania’s external debt in the ‘80s?
